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Charmstone chin huno11/29/2022 ![]() The authors, Frank Fenenga and Francis Riddell (Figs. Notably, Kroeber’s landmark California Indian synthesis does notĭiscuss the essential role of a fetish or fetish bundle in the weather shaman’s success. Control of the weather by shamans, however, was believed to occur as far as the northern limits of the state, although it was considerably less emphasized there (Kroeber 1925:854). Throughout the southern half of the state, there were native people who were famous as “rain doctors,” and the greatest development of the idea appears to have been in the region where central and southern California meet. One such area was south-central California. There were, however, geographical subdivisions in weather control, distinguished by specializations in the techniques used for ritually influencing meteorological phenomena. With the exception of some new information, this article remains their work.Ītive control of the weather was quite generally practiced throughout the arid portions of the western United States. With Gerrit Fenenga’s permission, the editors have chosen to edit and complete the unfinished work in order to honor the memory of Frank Fenenga and Francis Riddell. The editors researched the original manuscript and found that Frank had presented a paper on the subject at the 1978 annual Society for California Archaeology meetings. Esteban Miranda, a Tübatulabal chief (timiwal) who died about October 13, 1942, was the stepson of a Chumash shaman from Tejon who appears to have first owned and used the bundle. This bundle is on loan from one of the local Indians, a granddaughter of Esteban Miranda. Merriam was interested in obtaining information about the bundle, since he had been informed that it might have been part of a larger assemblage, a portion of which is currently on exhibit at the Kern Valley Museum. Included with the manuscript were Frank’s field notes, a photograph, sketches of the artifacts, and a letter dated Janufrom Robert Merriam, Curator of the Kern Valley Museum in Kernville. It pertained to a Native California rain-making bundle from Kern County. Garfinkel, Samantha Riding-Red-Horse, and Donna Miranda-Begay Tulare Lake Archaeological Research Group (TULARG) and Tübatulabal Indian TribeĪfter Frank Fenenga’s death (April 7, 1994), his son Gerrit discovered an unfinished manuscript co-authored by his father and Francis (Fritz) Riddell. Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology\6OL .O \PPnĪ Weather Shaman’s Rain-Making Bundle from the Tübatulabal and its Relationship to the History of Weather Control in South-Central California FRANKLIN FENENGA AND FRANCIS A. ![]()
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